{"id":2068,"date":"2018-10-17T00:01:21","date_gmt":"2018-10-16T22:01:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bubakov.net\/?p=2068"},"modified":"2018-10-16T13:46:56","modified_gmt":"2018-10-16T11:46:56","slug":"2068","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bubakov.net\/?p=2068","title":{"rendered":"Knihy o poh\u00e1dk\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/a>Poh\u00e1dky nejsou jen naivn\u00edmi vypr\u00e1v\u011bnkami pro d\u011bti, skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u00a0sob\u011b zku\u0161enosti p\u0159edchoz\u00edch generac\u00ed, \u017eivotn\u00ed strategie a maj\u00ed hlubok\u00fd psychologick\u00fd z\u00e1klad. Kniha Bruna Bettelheima Za tajemstv\u00edm poh\u00e1dek pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0jedn\u011bm z\u00a0nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejsrozumiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdklad\u016f poh\u00e1dkov\u00e9 symboliky zalo\u017een\u00e9 na psychoanal\u00fdze.<\/p>\n

Americk\u00fd psychoanalytik se narodil v\u00a0roce 1903 ve V\u00eddni, kde v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u016fsobil a formuloval sv\u00e9 poznatky z\u00a0v\u00fdzkum\u016f Sigmund Freud. Feudova teorie Bettelheima pozd\u011bji velmi zaujala a pr\u00e1v\u011b na jej\u00edm z\u00e1klad\u011b analyzoval zn\u00e1m\u00e9 d\u011btsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy. Ve sv\u00e9 knize se v\u011bnuje zejm\u00e9na v\u00fdkladu psychologie hlavn\u00edch hrdin\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed \u010dasto b\u00fdvaj\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za hloup\u00e9, ne\u0161ikovn\u00e9 pros\u0165\u00e1\u010dky, nemlad\u0161\u00ed nebo nejmen\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech. Sv\u00fdmi \u010diny v\u0161ak prok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed velikost a obstoj\u00ed ve zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 ti na pohled zdatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016fbec nezvl\u00e1dnou. Bettelheim tento jev popisuje, z\u00a0mnoha stran vykl\u00e1d\u00e1 a na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkladech vysv\u011btluje, jak souvis\u00ed s\u00a0v\u00fdvojem osobnosti a zr\u00e1n\u00edm d\u011bt\u00ed, jak m\u016f\u017ee \u010dlov\u011bku pomoci naj\u00edt vlastn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed strategii.<\/p>\n

Bettelheimova kniha zachycuje i dal\u0161\u00ed jevy a postupy typick\u00e9 pro klasick\u00e9 poh\u00e1dky a sna\u017e\u00ed se je vylo\u017eit jako materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem komunikuje s\u00a0na\u0161\u00edm nev\u011bdom\u00edm a t\u00edm n\u00e1s vede. V\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee B. Bettelheim sv\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy a z\u00e1v\u011bry prezentuje velmi srozumiteln\u00fdm jazykem a zna\u010dn\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u011b, tak\u017ee se do \u010dten\u00ed jeho v\u00fdklad\u016f m\u016f\u017ee za\u010d\u00edst \u00fapln\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Trochu n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010detbou, kter\u00e1 se v\u011bnuje sp\u00ed\u0161e struktu\u0159e a d\u011blen\u00ed klasick\u00fdch poh\u00e1dek, je kniha Vladimira Jakovlevi\u010de Proppa Morfologie poh\u00e1dky a jin\u00e9 studie. Publikace napsan\u00e1 v\u00a0roce 1928 rusk\u00fdm germanistou a folkloristou se stala z\u00e1kladem pro jakoukoli zodpov\u011bdn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci s\u00a0poh\u00e1dkami. Stoj\u00ed na po\u010d\u00e1tku v\u0161ech modern\u00edch studi\u00ed z\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti, mnoz\u00ed auto\u0159i se odvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed na struktury a d\u011blen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 V. J. Propp vytvo\u0159il. Kniha zahrnuje i r\u016fzn\u00e9 tabulky a sch\u00e9mata, texty jsou ps\u00e1ny n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, v\u011bdeck\u00fdm jazykem, p\u0159esto v\u0161ak dob\u0159e poslou\u017e\u00ed tomu, kdo si chce ut\u0159\u00eddit sv\u00e9 my\u0161lenky o tom, na jak\u00fdch z\u00e1kladech vznikaly poh\u00e1dky, s\u00a0jakou symbolikou a pro\u010d pracuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zuzana Vojt\u00ed\u0161kov\u00e1<\/p>\n

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Knihy byly za\u0159azeny do programu\u00a0Bub\u00e1kov \u010dte<\/a> a lze si ji p\u016fj\u010dit novostra\u0161eck\u00e9 knihovn\u011b, kam byly v\u011bnov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n

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Za\u00a0tajemstv\u00edm\u00a0poh\u00e1dek
\nPro\u010d a jak je \u010d\u00edst v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b<\/em>
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